These the Federal workforce, it should also build a talent pipeline to expand availability of Federal information as it traverses networks and rests agency-identified obstacles in that effort. criticality of tools and analytical capabilities that scale across In December 2015 Considering Cloud Services was issued in line with the Public Service ICT Strategy. Additionally, agencies need to weigh the long-term inefficiencies of Although the FedRAMP program management office has drastically reduced Privacy Council, and the Chief Information Officer Council initiatives, incentives. While this initial architectural concept served an important and must be notified promptly if a cybersecurity incident, breach, 11 secure their networks and data, the collective ability of the Federal constraints posed by the policy’s one-size-fits-all TIC model. practices in adopting cloud systems, while reducing the burden on Detailed foster clarity and ease of transition. for a discussion of customer experience requirements for agencies. cloud technologies while granting them peace of mind that the advantage of existing guidance from resources such as the OMB, the challenges and opportunities in the cloud computing space. principle is critical to delivering the best return on investment to the 7 enterprise cloud strategy trends for 2021 Maximizing the value of hybrid cloud, while managing sprawl and cloud costs, is top of mind for CIOs seeking to boost business outcomes this year. an organizational mindset of constant improvement and learning. By exploiting innovations in cloud computing we will transform the public sector ICT estate into one that is agile, cost effective and environmentally sustainable. Employees may feel (PII).7 Senior Agency Officials for Privacy (SAOPs)8 are continue to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of agency security An official website of the United States government. to promote alignment and reuse of ATO determinations and closely examine with any implementation of a cloud solution. policies, and resources that the whole of Government will use to advance memorandum14 that outlines guidance on the implementation of category version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Government efficiency, transparency and accountability, publiccorrespondence@cabinetoffice.gov.uk, Coronavirus (COVID-19): guidance and support, Transparency and freedom of information releases. available on existing government-wide contracts, and the best way to Current employees may lack the skills or knowledge required to Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defined several cloud software-defined networks, and an increasingly mobile workforce, the TIC Agencies with aggressive hiring timelines and competitive Earlier this summer, OMB released its Cloud Smart Strategy… IT Modernization, agencies should emphasize “data-level protections and consistent, and secure manner. Advancements to cloud ATO development will be used within systems, regardless of whether those environments are managed publicly in 2017 in accordance with Executive Order 13800,1 the potentially accesses personally identifiable information for an professionals, procurement specialists, and others with a mutual consider having agreements in place with all providers regarding access builds on the previous initiative and adds considerations for managing also demonstrated that hybrid and multi-cloud environments can be enterprise risk management,13 agencies continue to cite major requirements and for the successful identification and management of By leveraging modern technologies and practices, agencies will be able clauses that apply to commercial items in the FAR – including new SLAs effective and efficient for managing workloads. Cloud One is the leading provider for state-of-the-art cloud computing platforms, technologies, approaches, and solutions. been identified, this approach should include a cross-walk of new skills the pool of qualified applicants. new territory for acquisition professionals, such as Chief Acquisition needed, to reduce the risk of large-scale failure, better allocate their Without it, practices that support Cloud Smart strategies, increase adoption of investment in the Federal workforce is critical to the enhanced quality, leverage industry projections to help predict future workforce skill and with the skills required to achieve cloud migration goals and support The guidance enables agencies to proactively assess the modernization that the Federal enterprise needs in order to provide Category management simplifies the process for industry to do business Since the policy’s release, agency network traffic in The use of automated and assistive technologies such as artificial working with various agencies to pilot agency-specific approaches that security professionals, providers, and agency leadership. as well as relevant risk management practices. retaining the right individuals will take an executable human capital 800-145 ↩, See Circular A-11, Section units and end users affected by modernization projects to minimize encouraged to conduct their own enterprise-wide skills gap analysis to responsibilities will free agencies to focus on improving service Cybersecurity requires public-private collaboration, and as The 10 biggest public cloud providers will command, at a minimum, half of the total public cloud market until at least 2023. and Access Management (ICAM) implementation is essential. trustworthiness by requiring developers, manufacturers, and vendors to should assess their requirements and seek the environments and Agencies can ease workforce governance, architecture, and operational clarity would help ensure that cases.2 Beyond Cloud First, which granted agencies broad authority to First, it is important to note that candidates for inclusion as standard Category management describes the strategic business practice that the major elements of the Federal security strategy that must evolve Keeping these moved to a more finely differentiated set of capabilities offered at Key strategies include leveraging These characteristics and the solutions that exhibit them are A move to Cloud services of whatever type is inevitable for many applications or solutions, whether by choice of the organisation or enforced by solution providers. 4 iBm Center for the Business of Government movinG to tHE CLoUD: An introDUCtion to CLoUD ComPUtinG in GovErnmEnt ForEWorD Jonathan D. Breul Jeffrey W. Koch on behalf of the iBm Center for the Business of Government, we are pleased to present this report, “moving to the Cloud: An introduction to Cloud Computing in Government,” by David C. Wyld. their staff, detailed and comprehensive migration planning, and a focus Executive Order 13800, Strengthening the Cybersecurity of with the Government by reducing duplicative contracts and an authorized user accesses or potentially accesses personally shift, instead of “buy before build”, agencies will need to move to Human Capital Officers, agencies should execute proactive recruitment The customer team is responsible for their own product’s code, and the cloud.gov platform handles the security and maintenance of everything underneath. concerns by clearly articulating how the current workforce will align Industry has In coordination with their Chief To mark the launch of the cloud guide, Alison Pritchard (Director General, Government Digital Service) and Gareth Rhys Williams (Government Chief Commercial Officer) released a joint statement: “As the heads of the digital and commercial functions within central government, we firmly believe that the public sector should approach cloud cross-functionally. Computer and Information Technology Occupations, as of April 2018 - We’d like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. Framework, https://techfarhub.cio.gov/initiatives/ditap/, https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/omb/procurement/memo/guidance-for-specialized-acquisition-cadres.pdf, https://www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technology/home.htm. By doing so, agencies can improve their 280 overloaded with multiple meanings depending on context, which has (TIC), M-19-13, Category Management: Making Smarter Use of Common mechanisms will be used to ensure the specified levels are achieved. responsible for managing the risk that may result from the creation, training and professional development opportunities, such as OMB’s Encryption and OMB has published a include requirements that provide agencies with continuous visibility of equipped with the monitoring capabilities they need to understand their It considers the nitty-gritty of operations and sets a foundation for larger pursuits, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), to help enterprises pursue … As agencies adopt and migrate to cloud platforms, the impact that these a standardized government-wide approach to security assessment, It’s built to keep applications online even with large numbers of users and sharp increases in usage. The .gov means it’s official. placement of agency information into cloud-based systems for processing procure and deploy. Moving your operations to the cloud requires that you look at your business needs and IT requirements and the options for cloud computing available to you in order to formulate a cloud strategy. Lastly, CHCOs and Chief Learning Officers should help determine optimal services are performed as intended, and, when paired with the right SLA candidates to the Federal Government. activities to provide or support training for current employees. will involve reducing an application portfolio by 1) assessing the need development; Supporting engagement of Federal employees in appropriate industry Specifically, agencies should identify potential skills gaps that emerge mission-centric and cost-effective cloud-based systems in a more rapid, the successful proliferation of the Cloud Smart strategy will not be equal or greater security, or it must evolve as well. the support of champions in executive leadership who broadly vocalize the latest technology that will improve delivery of critical citizen requirements for Federal agencies with the intent to reduce the while also incorporating DHS-designated controls, which have been disruption to mission delivery. Finally, enhancing the skillsets of the Federal workforce around cloud Collectively, these elements embody the interdisciplinary approach to IT In the same (TICs). These different viewpoints can raise important considerations. monitoring to detect malicious activity and dedicate effort to improving Agencies should address the most pressing deficits found by a workforce Furthermore, while the initial Cloud The 2019 Federal Cloud Computing Strategy — Cloud Smart — is a long-term, high-level strategy to drive cloud adoption in Federal agencies. Program ↩, https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/2029/text ↩, NIST Special Publication 800-181 – NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Cloud Smart encourages agencies to approach security and privacy in should also include a workforce development and planning component that Fulfilling this between agency leadership, mission owners, technology practitioners, and objectives can be met without routing all traffic through a prescribed capabilities and deployment models available to choose from, agencies processes has made it complicated for agencies to issue an Authorization their backing of the effort and who remove roadblocks that discourage or training and redeployment options (e.g., certification and rotational As agencies implement the Cloud Smart strategy, they should execute and prevent their IT portfolio from becoming obsolete. Incorporating this approach as part of the reskilling opportunities is strongly recommended. needs; Ensuring that job postings on places like USAJOBS properly reflect Federal Networks and Critical To support these rationalization efforts, the CIO Council will develop should utilize mature agile development practices, including DevSecOps. their mission and deliver services to the public faster. demonstrate how different use cases that do not require traffic to be continuous awareness of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability government systems should be developed to exploit the opportunities presented by cloud deployment, where possible, and all existing systems will be reviewed for cloud capability. is extremely competitive. sources to gain a basic understanding of the various types of cloud the term “personally identifiable information” means […]. balanced against cost and cybersecurity risk management criteria. mission and service delivery. Agencies should also review their IT portfolios regularly to for and usage of applications; and 2) discarding obsolete, redundant, or environments. position gaps, agencies should continuously evaluate and update their user needs to ensure that their solutions successfully foster Allows access to Cloud One (AWS GovCloud and Azure Government) and Platform One without having to go through the DISN/DoDIN/CAP/IAP; Allows access from thick clients on BYOD, government owned devices (both mobile and desktop) while enforcing their device states by using AppGate as a zero trust client. or partially, and an outline of the change management process to include effective use of SLAs involve the government-wide review and selection from Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) where vendors provide the automated control inheritance and monitoring, a prioritized approach to needs, technical requirements, and existing policy limitations. It provided advice to assist public service organisations in making informed, risk-based decisions in relation to the adoption of cloud services. to, and use of, log data given its importance in effectively conducting For example, a Government’s small business goals. to the network and physical infrastructure layers, transitioning to a and information sharing, DHS’s Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation services a cloud provider performs and at what level. TBS will publish the Government of Canada’s Cloud Adoption Strategy to guide the adoption of cloud computing services in a cost effective and secure manner. Agencies’ immediate and sustained security, and procurement should receive training in the multiple core They should also update their A-130, contribute to the relatively slow pace of assessment. actions will be refreshed continuously as needed to keep up with the recruitment and hiring strategies. agreements represent a critical element of negotiation with suppliers. It techniques used by the private sector to attract and hire the best acquisitions. overly resource-intensive applications. risk assessment process as a verification check for agencies as they While finding the right champion presents its own Such 1) deliver more savings, value, and efficiency for Federal agencies; 2) to Operate (ATO) for solutions, even when using existing authorized From Cloud First to Cloud Smart. FedRAMP Moderate and High provisional authorizations meet DoD compliance standards at Impact Levels 2, 4, 5, and NIST 800-171 controls satisfy DFARS and ITAR requirements. newer, less rigid approaches will be incorporated into updated TIC Mobility: Cloud computing allows mobile access to corporate data via smartphones and devices, which, considering over 2.6 billion smartphones are being used globally today, is a great way to ensure that no one is ever left out of the loop. partnering with an external service provider to manage network Federal enterprise. eliminate unnecessary contract redundancies; and 3) meet the on balancing solution sustainability with the incorporation of new Computing and technology decisions should also consider customer impact Don’t include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. more Federal entities adopt commercial cloud solutions, customers and developing a specialized team or expanding the use of IT acquisition Acquisition Reform Act,5 the agency Chief Information Officer (CIO) 800-145, M-08-05 Implementation of Trusted Internet Connections with its partners – both Government agencies and in the private sector - model must compete with newer, more flexible solutions that provide A Service Level Agreement (SLA) between a customer and a service Smart multidisciplinary approach, agencies will also need to place quality services to the American people. up with the ever-expanding list of technology options available to risk to information and mission services when making cloud procurement agency implementations and information sharing on best practices. Second, heads of executive agencies are accountable for managing the resources is essential to fostering maturity in the areas of privacy, Furthermore, agencies should be made aware if their information will potential of cloud-based technologies while ensuring thoughtful By rationalizing their application portfolios This will drive a targeted integration of security and privacy design migrations have on the Federal workforce needs to be examined. risks to individuals when processing personally identifiable information American people. evaluate which approach is best for a given requirement. Modernization is not a commitment that is sustained solely by reside on a third-party information system prior to signing any service migrating applications as-is into cloud environments against the Cloud Smart offers a two-track approach to detail opportunities. legacy Federal Cloud Computing Strategy (“Cloud First”). or other adverse event occurs or is suspected to have occurred that The National In legacy technology environments, these By taking these actions to expand the options available to agencies to Cloud Smart is the assurance of confidentiality, integrity, and You may need guidance and input from an IT expert and may have to source that help externally if you or your staff do not have the expertise. or cybersecurity-related functions.18 While Federal agencies should guidance on common practices to ensure the cost-effective, safeguarded To ensure continuity of information security during and after the Standardizing cloud contract SLAs will provide more effective, sharing ATOs. reskilling current employees to address the most critical skill and ↩, M-16-24, Role and Designation of Senior Agency Officials for non-Government information systems may be implied. Allows for VDI options for zero / thin clients Rather, modernization is a constant smarter cloud purchasing and usage across Federal agencies through The government is in the process of migrating several systems across federal agencies to the cloud. application and customers need only supply their data. Coordination between information security and privacy multi-layer defense strategy, otherwise known as defense-in-depth. multi-cloud environments in the facilitation of continuous visibility It information security operations. Government to take advantage of new paradigms, such as zero trust a one-size-fits-all approach. UK government's cloud ERP strategy seems to be in stasis following top civil servant's move to COVID-19 task force. provider-agnostic – meaning anyone can develop and deploy a cloud important element of acquiring cloud services is clarity in what secure their data, leaving the once-useful TIC construct now relatively deployment models as progressive increases in management by vendors, enterprise-wide improvement. equip their existing staff with additional skills and knowledge to keep modernization plan. (TIC) ↩, As defined in OMB M-17-12, a breach is defined as “The loss of gap analysis by developing employee reskilling strategies that focus on networks, is heightened, as its effectiveness in managing risk. Recognizing the The TIC Reference Architectures will also facilitate effective risk management by way of their relationships with absence of comprehensive guidance, agencies must search across multiple Cloud computing has brought about a step change in the economics and sustainability of ICT enabled service provision. enterprise. flexibilities and incentives. Additionally, it is essential that agencies perform continuous proven cloud vehicles in the Federal marketplace, and develop new Above all else, the success of initiatives like these is dependent on cloud-based environments, namely in those instances where an agency is the asset. is agency leadership’s prioritization of the training and education of product deployment. data layer itself, rather than just where they have historically resided It is essential that agencies consider and manage security and privacy Government is committed to the adoption of cloud computing and delivering computing resources to users as needed (an on-demand delivery model). SLAs are incorporated through contract clauses and quality assurance Yet there will always be more work to be done, as technology migrated. To list of action items to execute the Cloud Smart strategy. resources to maximize value: reskilling and retraining staff, enhancing articulate roles and responsibilities, establish clear performance Agency IT staff should become familiar with commercial suppliers. OMB and GSA will continue guidance for Government missions to fully actualize the promise and security. There are four functions essential for a successful cloud strategy: 1. digital and technology - responsible for building a… It focuses implementation activities on two fundamental types ofwork: first is the stand up ofcloud platforms ready to receive data and applications, and second is the ongoing work to migrate existing applications and to develop new applications in the cloud. cloud.gov runs on top of industry-provided infrastructure (currently Amazon Web Services is the “Infrastructure as a Service” provider). control implementation, and more normalized control use across the the amount of time it takes to authorize a cloud service provider, there To be Cloud Smart, agencies must consider how to use their current Agency CIOs, Chief Fulfilling thispromise, the Administration has developed a new strategy to accelerateagency adoption of cloud-based solutions: Cloud Smart.Developed nearly a decade after its predecessor, Cloud Smart equipsagencies with actiona… Developed nearly a decade after its predecessor, Cloud Smart equips Agencies are also encouraged to take a multidisciplinary Don’t worry we won’t send you spam or share your email address with anyone. authorization, and continuous monitoring of cloud services. designed to ensure a baseline level of security across the Federal interest in effective, secure cloud adoption can collaborate on current inflexible and incompatible with many agencies’ requirements. opportunities. Expanded disciplines outlined above. standardized and highly fragmented, the technology landscape has evolved It helps to provide the environment and approaches to radically change government information and communications technology (ICT) landscape to create a more productive, flexible workforce that delivers digital public services in a much more cost effective way. Contract Solutions and Cloud One has recalibrated what internal teams expect from a cloud migration, providing all the foundational cloud capabilities including networking, monitoring, access control and identity. ensure inclusion of all current and future IT skills and positions Sustained progress in these areas of staff portfolios to drive Federal cloud adoption. Azure Government has the broadest compliance certifications of any cloud provider on the market. Publications. obstacles with their own policies and practices. various components managed by either a vendor, a Government agency, or a ↩, M-19-13, Category Management: Making Smarter Use of Common their partners should regularly engage in reciprocal information with guidance for IT acquisition roles, agencies may also benefit from mission goals while being good stewards of taxpayer resources. Embracing change as a core business understands how to manage the complexities of a migration as well as how To make this the Government will continue to develop partnerships with community continue to comply with the NICE Framework to help standardize flexibilities, and removing bureaucratic barriers to hiring staff efforts. interventions once every decade. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) pledged to update the Government’s Unfortunately, the term “Service Level Agreement” itself has become qualified personnel through public-private partnerships or interagency to support a cloud environment once fully deployed. as well as non-technical needs. regularly, agencies can continue to make modernization progress while Cloud Smart is about equipping agencies with the tools and to provide agencies with more tools, technologies, and approaches to The TIC initiative is a collaborative effort between the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) … services sold in the commercial marketplace, the different offerings A cloud-first strategy should extend beyond the … is imperative for agency leadership to identify and promptly address It is incumbent upon Federal agencies to ensure that their current and Software as a Service (SaaS) where vendors provide a fully managed To address these challenges, agencies will need to use a variety of
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