They notify the reader that two or more elements in a sentence are linked. Copyright by Jane Straus/GrammarBook.com. Better business letters It is therefore preferable to write the name of the month. There is no space between a hyphen and the character on either side of it. Here are our guidelines for expressing time, money, statistics, data, dates and anything else involving numbers: 1. For large numbers that must be spelled out, use a hyphen to connect a word ending in “-y” to another word: “twenty-two,” “fifty-eight.” a high-school senior oil-based sludge. Rule 1. Following are two examples of well-advised hyphens: Confusing: Springfield has little town charm. Use figures for […], You don’t have to work in a zoo, the circus or pest control to come face to face with a wild beast at work. Rule 4. There is also an “en dash”—whose length is between that of the hyphen and the em dash, and its best usage is to indicate inclusive dates and numbers: July 6–September 17 With hyphen: She had a concealed-weapons permit. Will she recover from her illness? an ice cream cone On a Mac, hold down the Option key and type the minus sign located at the top of the keyboard. Well, consider that there’s quite a big difference between twenty-four-year-olds and twenty four-year-olds. A hyphen after re- is not needed because there is no confusion with another word. Your solution of “mid- to late 1985” (short for “mid-1985 to late 1985”) is impeccably logical, … This rule concern numbers starting from 21 (twenty-one) to 99 (ninety-nine) excluding such numbers as 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 as they consist of one single word. It is usually used with a compound modifier when the modifier comes before the word it’s modifying. It becomes the verb scandalize by adding the suffix ize. Having researched and written dozens of articles for the Emphasis blog, she now knows more about the intricacies of effective professional writing than she ever thought possible. Please sign the 10-year agreement. However, hyphenate most double last names. It's probably best to leave out the hyphens. With the hyphen, little-town becomes a compound adjective, making the writer's intention clear: Springfield is a charming small town. (Or day, week, month, etc.). Rule 6. an ice-cream cone They believe that set phrases, because of their familiarity (e.g., high school, ice cream, twentieth century), can go before a noun without risk of confusing the reader. This is called a compound adjective. Examples: It’s a three-and-a-half-page report. However, if the compound adjective comes after the noun, the relationships between the words may be intelligible without a hyphen (e.g., counseling that is client centered). You can now purchase the same interactive, downloadable subscription quizzes individually. Here is the rule: when you're combining two or more words to form a compound adjective in front of a noun, put hyphens between these words. Quite a few style guides (including ours) suggest using words for the numbers one to ten, and figures for 11 and up. Rule 2a. For clarity, many writers hyphenate prefixes ending in a vowel when the root word begins with the same letter. Hyphens are often used to tell the ages of people and things. This rule applies only to adverbs. The words representing a number consisting … two hundred and thirty-two (232) [note that in US English you might omit the ‘and’ between the hundreds and the tens and units] I must re-press the shirt. Examples: Why is this important? This client is our second biggest. Generally, hyphenate two or more words when they come before a noun they modify and act as a single idea. For example: Should you write 13-feet or 13 feet? With no hyphen, we can only guess: Was the weapons permit hidden from sight, or was it a permit for concealed weapons? Omitting the hyphen would cause confusion with repress. graffiti-ism Quotation Marks. Correct: She is an Academy Award nominee. 2. a twentieth-century throwback. While both hyphens and dashes are made up of a single line about mid-line-height, the difference is length. For example: She is a twenty-four-year-old woman. This month’s workout, “Hyphens, Part 1,” centers on CMOS 16, paragraph 7.85, section 1, of our famous hyphenation table, “Compounds according to Category.”We’re calling this workout “part 1” because hyphens are a vast topic, destined to confound us in many ways and certainly worth a series of workouts.
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