earth has diversity because of the evolution of

Photosynthesis has been instrumental in the success of life on Earth, and life has had to adapt and evolve in the face of dramatic geological perturbations over billions of years. Of all of those living life forms, an estimated 99% of all species are now extinct. for (var i = 0; i < elem.options.length; i++) { Through the process of natural selection, many species have evolved shapes and colorations that provide camouflage, either to be less visible to their predators or to their own prey. Second, it allowed evolution of the biochemical process of cellular respiration 66 million years ago saw the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event. Archery was practiced in ancient Egypt 5000 years ago. Yet it is also much more. } New forms of life began to appear. They were the first species to branch off from the tetrapods. From cyanobacteria to fungi.Â Dinosaurs and chickens. no_error = false; Watch this video from the Stockholm Resilience Centre to learn more about resilience. These include the formation of soils and the cycling of nutrients. 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest#mediaviewer/File:Kelp_forest.jpg tooltip = create_tooltip(elem, "Enter a valid email address. [adaptation]: The biosphere is currently experiencing a mass extinction event caused by human activity. }); Diversity, is a voluntary and deliberate undertaking meant to provide specific, tangible business benefits, with the change in the racial or gender composition of the workforce. var form = document.getElementById('_form_' + id + '_'), err = document.createElement('div'), button = form.querySelector('button'), old_error = form.querySelector('._form_error'); On a scale of evolution, this period in the timeline of life on earth was by far the most exciting and vital. In the MEA document Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis, these services are divided into four categories: provisioning services, supporting services, cultural services, and regulating services (Figure 3). if (elem.multiple) { A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically. window._show_error = function(id, message, html) { if (allInputs[i].type == "radio" || allInputs[i].type == "checkbox") { }; } The process in which one common lineage evolve due to differences between species. This often occurs because they face similar environmental challenges and selective pressures. Evolution shows us how the organism changes with respect to the environment over time. Nature has instrumental value for human life. tooltip.tip.className = tooltip.tip.className.replace(/ ? By utilizing the abundant supply of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in their surrounding environment, species that could photosynthesize were able to harness the abundant energy of the sun. validate_field(elem) ? if (tooltips[i].elem === elem) { This means that life on Earth has had to accumulate adaptations as well in order to survive. Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity at every level of biological organization, from kingdoms to species, and individual organisms and … var validate_field = function(elem, remove) { From that evidence and explanation, we have what scientists and others call today, the Theory of Evolution. The adjustment or changes in behavior, physiology, and structure of an organism allowing it to become more suited to an environment.View Sourcehttp://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Adaptation, are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass their genes on to their offspring. Why? The metabolic processes whereby certain aerobic organisms obtain energy from glucose, a 6-carbon sugar molecule. for (var i = 0; i < elems.length; i++) { These patterns are influenced by biological changes in the environment, some of which are caused by activities of life itself. } elem.value = elem.value.trim(); They started small, but quickly grew and diversified, enjoying their new dinosaur-free world. Whales and cows. This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.In biology, evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. But gradual evolution may amount to large differences … A scientific theory that asserts that all the continents on Earth were once connected, but have since drifted apart as plates on the Earth's crust move atop the Earth's liquid core. }; if (!no_error && e) { In the late Triassic, 200 million years ago, the first mammals appear. return; The phenotype of an organism depends on which genes are dominant and on the interaction between genes and environment. Soon after, the first vertebrates appear. if (elem.getAttribute('required') !== null) { var remove_tooltip = function(elem) { Darwinâs principle of evolution is summarized by the following facts. Often times, environmental changes caused by humans can be too rapid to allow species to adapt to the changing environment, and may lead to extinction. At the same time extensive volcanic activity in what is now Siberia covered vast areas of the landscape with lava flows. The dinosaurs werenât initially the dominant species on the planet. } }); script.type = 'text/javascript'; } var results = new RegExp(regexStr).exec(allInputs[i].name); } var oldFunc = element['on' + event]; Oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is generated in the process. Decomposition is facilitated by decomposers like bacteria, fungi and many invertebrates. Why. A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area. } Lemurs, gibbons, bonobos, orangutans, gorillas, and even modern humans are all linked to this point in the timeline of life on earth. Our planetâs evolution started with the first organism ever to call our planet home. However, valuable too is the role biodiversity plays in the structure and function of the ecosystems on which all life depends. Loss of lush kelp forests causes populations of species that directly or indirectly rely upon them to enter an imbalance and ultimately to collapse, reducing ecosystem health and stability. (O3) in the upper atmosphere, which blocks harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface. A change, either spontaneous or by external factors, in the genetic material of a cell; mutations in the gametes (sex cells) can be inherited by future generations of organisms. All species contribute to ecosystem structure and function in distinct ways, yet have co-evolved in a relationship of interdependence. no_error = false; Critical ecosystem processes, such as the nitrogen cycle The timeline of life on earth begins over 4.5 billion years ago. Today most of the remaining megafauna living on the plains of Africa. validate_field(this, true); The changes on Earth can come from internal or external sources and are continuing to this day. How does the timeline of life on earth impact our lives today? tooltips.push(new_tooltip); resize_tooltip(tooltip) : false; Credit: Remy Snippe tooltip.appendChild(arrow); (n.d.) The American Heritage® Science Dictionary. Because of the gradualness of evolution, immediate descendants differ little, and then mostly quantitatively, from their ancestors. }; a. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rs_snippe/6089795516/in/set-72157626768049897/ . So unfortunately, The gender spectrum is legit when it comes to acceptance, They are living on earth. addEvent(radios[i], 'click', function() { Arrows indicate direction and quantity of nutrient and energy flow; dash-lined arrows indicate minimal energy/nutrient flow. if (_removed) return; } head.appendChild(script); Such changes can be beneficial or harmful, or they can have no influence on survivability. } View SourceAdapted from http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0070294267/student_view0/glossary_... present on Earth has increased steadily over time, punctuated by five periods of mass extinction "); } Industrialisation has led to major artificial changes to our climate, including a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. validate_field(this, true); View Sourceerobic. tooltip.tip.className = tooltip.tip.className.replace(/ ? (elems instanceof NodeList || elems instanceof HTMLCollection) || elems.length <= 1) { But these surface rocks are no longer available for study: they have disappeared into the interior of our dynamic planet. Biodiversity is a relatively recent term in science, only coming into common usage in the 1980s. What Is Diversity? elem.parentNode.insertBefore(tooltip, elem); if (!selected) { err.className = '_error-inner _form_error _no_arrow'; } var regexStr = '[\?&]' + name + '=([^&#]*)'; We, humans, are currently sharing the earth with about 12 million other species. Over time, natural selection narrows the variation among individuals to maintain effective camouflage. var err = form_to_submit.querySelector('._form_error'); }; 250 million years ago marked the first emergence of dinosaurs. Periods of greatly accelerated extinction rates - mass extinctions - have occurred periodically throughout the history of life on Earth due to meteor impacts and other extreme events. Evolution is the basis for the diversity of life. This can lead to … } else if (input.type == 'radio' || input.type == 'checkbox') { } However, the last remains of a dimetrodon have been dated to 40 million years before dinosaurs walked the earth. Over two billion years, photosynthetic activity by plants and algae allowed O2 concentrations to increase in the atmosphere and oceans. We, humans, are currently sharing the earth with about 12 million other species. But, perhaps equally interesting to the origins and evolution of microbial metabolisms is the uncertainty concerning the implications of these metabolisms. var resize_tooltip = function(tooltip) { Evolution of Life. It’s a period is known as the Cambrian explosion. It absolutely has increased diversity exponentially, although diversity is not necessarily better - nor does it increase at a constant rate. Perhaps the most influential biological innovation to arise since life has existed was the evolution of photosynthesis about 3.4 billion years ago. Of or living on land (as distinct from air or water). tooltip.innerHTML = text; It was around this time that primates began spreading and diverging into new species. if (input.type == 'text') { } The non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment, including solar radiation, water, atmospheric gases, soil type and fertility, temperature, etc. var setCookie = function(name, value) { if (!elems[i].checked) { no_error = false; Supporting services are processes of nature essential to the functioning of the ecosystem as a whole. action, reaction or activity that occurs in response to stimuli. They were found preserved in ancient rock samples from Greenland. Evolution is the mechanism producing the diversity of life. } Network for Conservation Educators and Practitioners, American Museum of Natural History. Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen. In the timeline of life on earth, mammals began splitting into the four major groups that can be observed today. } } Figure 5: Examples of camouflage coloration- a. Brimstone (Live-Leaf) Butterfly, b. Dead-Leaf Butterfly, c. Batfish, d. American Bittern.1, a. Thus, through the process of natural selection, the population develops resistance to that pesticide. Chloroplasts play a crucial role in sustaining life on earth. The earliest forms of these are thought to have been land animals adapting to life in the sea. if (!found && elems[i] !== elem) return true; Another way biodiversity helps an ecosystem is through resilienceThe ability of an ecosystem to recover to its pre-disturbance state following a disturbance. anaerobic. Relating to, produced by, or impacted by living organisms, including interactions between organisms in nature. Environmental forces that cause a particular species to evolve in a certain direction that confers an advantage. In biology, evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. return match ? In the beginning, survival was difficult for any life forms. Figure 4: Habitat-specific differences in favorability for different color forms in peppered moths. script.charset = 'utf-8'; A group of individuals of the same species living in the same geographic area. The non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment, including solar radiation, water, atmospheric gases, soil type and fertility, temperature, etc. // use this trick to get the submit button & disable it using plain javascript var now = new Date(); })(input); Biological diversity is the variety of life on earth. Figure 2: Reduction of diversity and food-web complexity upon removal of sea otters, a keystone predator, on sub-tidal communities. Online Etymology Dictionary. if (elem.type != 'checkbox') elem.className = elem.className.replace(/ ?_has_error ?/g, ''); Today, it’s unknown exactly when, but around this era saw the emergence of the first birds. View SourceAdapted from http://quizlet.com/29217953/ecology-packets-34-vocab-flash-cards/ and natural selection (n.d.). This tremendous number and variety of species that exist on the planet is referred to as biological diversity or biodiversity. Cyclic movement of nitrogen in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. The mechanism for evolutionary change in which environmental pressures cause certain genetic combinations in a population to become more abundant; genetic combinations best adapted for present environmental conditions tend to be selected for, and non-adaptive traits are selected against. For example, the use of pesticides to control crop pests can rapidly cause a pest species to develop resistanceThe capacity of an ecosystem community, organism, tissue, or cell to withstand the effects of a physical, chemical or biological disturbance, such as a hurricane, oil spill or pathogenic infection. now.setTime(expireTime); The evolution of life on Earth has been characterized by ongoing increases in the number of species punctuated by recurrent and mass extinction events that greatly reduce the species number (Figure 1). Many species have gone extinct or are threatened with extinction because pressures from human activities are altering habitat more rapidly than species can adapt. div.innerHTML = html; This led to extremely important evolutionary changes. return results != undefined ? addEvent(input, 'blur', function() { After the Cambrian explosion, life on earth was climbing in diversity. Here was a critical period of the evolution of planet earth. It was soon after the dinosaurs became the dominant species on earth. Decomposition is facilitated by decomposers like bacteria, fungi and many invertebrates. }; Evolution, whether couched in Christianized language or presented in its natural atheistic colors, remains an utterly bankrupt and failed hypothesis about the origin of the universe or the diversity of life on earth. Changes in the orientation of land masses by continental drift have strongly affected patterns of change in biodiversity. , and periodic minor extinction events (Figure 1). Evolution is the process of change that has occurred to life over time. Itâs unknown why, but around 900 million years ago simple multi-celled organisms started to appear. }); if (needs_validate(elem)) { Around a third of life on planet earth was wiped out, marking a huge fork in the timeline of life on earth. Oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is generated in the process. Photosynthesis func.apply(this, arguments); Despite all the species we know have lived and existed, many are found every day. One challenge of humans to fit into the timeline of life on earth see how it would look if we were to vacate the planet and let nature take back control. 3. http://mission-blue.org/2013/11/ghost-gear-a-scary-matter/. However, when ‘using’ nature we must respect its sustainability. remove_tooltips(); Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen. var validate_form = function(e) { differences between diversity and affirmative action, and analyzes legal issues surrounding diversity programs. var rect = tooltip.elem.getBoundingClientRect(); callback(); Why? The irreversible disappearance of a species; species have gone extinct at a relatively constant rate over geologic time. tooltip.appendChild(inner); } It was also created from the decay of radioactive iodine 129, which does not exist on the earth anymore. A layer at altitudes between 15 km and 35 km in the earth's stratosphere containing a high concentration of ozone (O.

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