του ιδιαίτερου γνωστικού τομέα που σας ενδιαφέρει.". France conquered the regency of Algiers from the Ottomans in 1830, and French rule spread south from French Algeria and eastwards from Senegal into the upper Niger to include present-day Algeria, Chad, Mali then French Sudan including Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Morocco (1912), Niger, and Tunisia (1881). The Garamantes grew populous and strong, conquering their neighbors and capturing many slaves (who were put to work extending the tunnels). There remain fewer than 250 mature cheetahs, which are very cautious, fleeing any human presence. The vast central hyper-arid core of the desert is virtually never affected by northerly or southerly atmospheric disturbances and permanently remains under the influence of the strongest anticyclonic weather regime, and the annual average rainfall can drop to less than 1 millimetre (0.04 in). However, it is a myth that the nights are especially cold after extremely hot days in the Sahara. In the initial years, the focus was to cover north India and gradually it landed up covering India. With an area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi), it is the largest hot desert in the world and the third largest desert overall, smaller only than the deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic.[1][2][3]. The people of the Sahara are of various origins. The Phoenician alphabet seems to have been adopted by the ancient Libyans of north Africa, and Tifinagh is still used today by Berber-speaking Tuareg camel herders of the central Sahara. Subsiding, diverging, dry air masses associated with subtropical high-pressure systems are extremely unfavorable for the development of convectional showers. The desiccation lasted until around 4600 BCE, when the earliest artefacts associated with the Tenerians have been dated to. Mauritania withdrew in 1979; Morocco continues to hold the territory. [25], Lake Chad is the remnant of a former inland sea, paleolake Mega-Chad, which existed during the African humid period. [21] At present (2000 ACE), we are in a dry period, but it is expected that the Sahara will become green again in 15000 years (17000 ACE). Book Air Sahara tickets on Trip.com and save up to 55% off. This separates populations of some of the species in areas with different climates, forcing them to adapt, possibly giving rise to allopatric speciation. Posts about Air Sahara written by Bruce Drum. ελάχιστο χρονικό διάστημα, πριν τα δείτε. Pollen residue indicates they were buried on a bed of flowers. In the summer, daytime air temperatures across the Sahara often reach over 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Dromedary camels and goats are the domesticated animals most commonly found in the Sahara. [57] The site is known as the largest and earliest grave of Stone Age people in the Sahara desert. There are also small desert crocodiles in Mauritania and the Ennedi Plateau of Chad. An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. [21] The annual average rainfall is virtually zero over a wide area of some 1,000,000 square kilometres (390,000 sq mi) in the eastern Sahara comprising deserts of: Libya, Egypt and Sudan (Tazirbu, Kufra, Dakhla, Kharga, Farafra, Siwa, Asyut, Sohag, Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, Wadi Halfa) where the long-term mean approximates 0.5 millimetres (0.02 in) per year. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. [31] As a result of this aridification, it became a largely impenetrable barrier to humans, with the remaining settlements mainly being concentrated around the numerous oases that dot the landscape. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. This was caused principally by a stronger monsoonal circulation throughout the sub-tropical regions, affecting India, Arabia and the Sahara. Kutzbach never formally named his hypothesis and as such it is referred to here as the "Orbital Monsoon Hypothesis" as suggested by Ruddiman in 2001. The Saharan cheetah (northwest African cheetah) lives in Algeria, Togo, Niger, Mali, Benin, and Burkina Faso. [18], Due to lack of cloud cover and very low humidity, the desert usually has high diurnal temperature variations between days and nights. The newly raised Méhariste camel corps were originally recruited mainly from the Chaamba nomadic tribe. [63] The most noteworthy find at Uan Muhuggiag is the well-preserved mummy of a young boy of approximately ​2.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap} 1⁄2 years old. Raids from the nomadic Berber people of the desert were of constant concern to those living on the edge of the desert. Bones of many large savannah animals that were discovered in the same area suggest that they lived on the shores of a lake that was present during the Holocene Wet Phase, a period when the Sahara was verdant and wet. Important cities located in the Sahara include Nouakchott, the capital of Mauritania; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, and El Oued in Algeria; Timbuktu in Mali; Agadez in Niger; Ghat in Libya; and Faya-Largeau in Chad. Analysis of Nile River deposited sediments in the delta also shows this period had a higher proportion of sediments coming from the Blue Nile, suggesting higher rainfall also in the Ethiopian Highlands. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were full participants in the "agricultural revolution", living a settled lifestyle with domesticated plants and animals.
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